流量控制：电磁阀设计如何影响离合器电路

Flow control to clutches is as important as the pressure that applies these clutches. It is the routing of this fluid, under pressure, through the various valves, solenoids and passages, which allows proper shifting in an automatic transmission. Without the proper fluid flow, adequate pressure cannot be obtained or maintained, and clutches will not apply correctly, resulting in a host of shift concerns, burnt clutches and potential DTCs. While the variety of these valves, solenoids and circuits which get the flow from the pump to the clutches are numerous, there are some basic functional similarities which can help when trying to diagnose hydraulic-related shift concerns and clutch failures.

线性螺线管

线性螺线管是使用电能的螺线管，用于线性地将封闭的阀门移动一定距离。该阀的运动打开并关闭螺线管的各种液压电路。使用线性螺线管帮助控制离合器的一些变速箱是09G和U660E（图1）。However, the methods in which these linear solenoids are used are different for each transmission.

图1： U660E中的较大阀允许比TF-60SN（09G）C1螺线管更多的流动。

09G（和09D，TF-80，TF-81）利用每个离合器（K1，K2，K3和B1）的单独的线性电磁阀。螺线管调制器流体通过螺线管布线以产生低流量信号压力，然后为每个离合器布线到各个离合器控制阀。（这里的例外是B2离合器，其被直接供给管路压断时反向选择了手动阀）。此调制信号压力调节离合器控制阀的位置，以帮助控制离合器接合速度（图2.）。

图2： 09G C1/K1 Clutch Circuit

离合器施加压力通过各种继电器，开关和定时阀进行路由。通过这种类型的布置，螺线管调节阀处的磨损可减少螺线管进料，并且在线性螺线管内的磨损导致信号压力丢失。因为离合器控制阀响应于螺线管连续移动和调节压力，所以已知它们佩戴铸造孔。这些区域中的任何一个都会导致流体压力损失，导致移位问题和离合器故障。这些螺线管内的衬套也已知在升高的温度下粘在升高，导致非常粗糙的电磁阀运动，导致DTC，移位问题和烧焦的离合器。

图3.: U660E C1 Clutch Circuit

E.DS/PWM Solenoids

这些螺线管是通过TCM命令命令的占空比调制的脉冲宽度。当致动时，它们通常不会产生允许调制的低流量的球被引导到适当的离合器调节器阀（图4.）。离合器调节器阀然后通过适当的电路直接线压力施加离合器。具有这些类型的螺线管和电路的一些现代变速器是ZF6HP19 / 21 / 26/28 / 32 / 34,6T40 / 70和6F35 / 50（图5.）。这些螺线管的失败并不罕见，通常来自碎片相关的问题。清洁屏幕和内部可以帮助。因为这些螺线管输出可变压力，所以它们致动的阀门在连续运动。因此，在离合器调节阀和离合器升压或闩锁阀处佩戴是常见的，并且导致相关的离合器燃烧和/或离合器相关的移位问题。螺线管调制器或致动器进料限制阀的电磁馈电压对于适当的换档和离合器操作也是至关重要的，因此应检查孔的磨损。

图4.: 6T40螺线管的分解视图

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图5： 6T40（Gen.1），1-2-3-4（前向）离合器电路

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图6.: Number Etched on the Solenoid Can

具有这些类型的EDS / PWM螺线管的新开发是一些是“带状”或流量控制，这意味着它们具有提供不同流速的各种范围。例如，在6R140上，在螺线管中蚀刻2和5之间的数字可以（图6.）。这表明螺线管提供逐渐增加的流量率。图形图7.shows a typical EDS/PWM solenoid from the ZF6HP26 (red), compared to the banded (flow controlled) solenoids in the 6R80. So as these solenoids fill the port cavity at the apply end of the clutch regulator and clutch latch valves, the timing for that fill is apparently being monitored by the TCM. The OEM recommendation is that if replacing a flow controlled solenoid, a solenoid of the same band number be substituted. Whether the computer is capable of adapting to a differently rated solenoid is at this point still questionable in the aftermarket. For this reason, caution should be used before altering separator plate orifices to compensate for wear. Any orifice changes might have a significant enough change on the flow rate that either the solenoid or computer cannot adjust. These solenoids, the clutch regulator and clutch latch or boost valves that they are applying, and the solenoid feed pressure regulator valve would all be subject to the same failure and wear concerns as previously noted for the non-flow controlled circuit.

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图7.

知道特定的方式transmission您正在努力对离合器的控制流程可以帮助您确定哪些阀门和螺线管查看任何换档或离合器问题。在确定如何在电路内的各种组件处解决磨损或故障时，也应考虑。通过查看油路可以找到大部分信息，并回到控制阀门和螺线管控制施加的阀门和螺线管。